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2設(shè)備參數(shù)對中藥有機溶劑噴霧干燥機粘壁性的影響  噴霧干燥是流化干燥技術(shù)用于液體物料的一種較好的方法您宪，其流程是利用霧化器將一定濃度的液體物料噴射成霧狀液滴奈懒，在干燥的介質(zhì)中進行熱交換使霧狀液滴中的溶劑迅速蒸發(fā)，獲得粉狀和顆粒狀制品宪巨。中藥成分因理化性質(zhì)不同磷杏，其傳質(zhì)和傳熱的速率也存在較大差異，造成不同程度粘壁現(xiàn)象揖铜。在充分掌握中藥提取物的理化性質(zhì)的前提下茴丰，通過調(diào)整噴霧干燥設(shè)備的參數(shù)可改善粘壁的情況。 

2．1 有機溶劑噴霧干燥機噴嘴安裝  在噴霧干燥過程中天吓，增加物料的分散度贿肩，可加速傳熱和傳質(zhì)過程。噴嘴的安裝對噴霧設(shè)備是非常重要的。當霧滴群離開噴嘴時汰规，其形狀是個被壓縮空氣心充滿的錐形薄膜汤功，霧滴應(yīng)均勻分布在噴霧錐中；噴霧錐是對稱的鲁其，如果不同心就會偏離中心線吟芜，進而影響霧化效果，導致霧滴直徑增大耐浙，嚴重時會出現(xiàn)液線夯榛，造成粘壁現(xiàn)象。因此慢荧，在使用的過程中必須保證同心度杯岩。

 2．2 熱風量  風量控制的好壞，zui終體現(xiàn)在干燥物料的含水量松奖，與粘壁有直接的關(guān)系测脯。由于噴霧干燥過程是在微負壓下操作，霧滴能否達到干燥效果并抽走干燥物料取決于熱風量赃慰。同時霧滴直徑大小可用熱風量來調(diào)節(jié)荐多。隨著熱風量的增加，霧滴直徑減小纪尊，干燥加快候殿，粘壁的可能就相對減小。但氣流量過大氮唯，所得粉體的吸濕性增強鉴吹，噴霧過程中會發(fā)生粘壁現(xiàn)象；氣流量過小惩琉，導致霧徑偏大豆励，干燥不充分，發(fā)生粘壁現(xiàn)象瞒渠。

 2．3有機溶劑噴霧干燥機進風溫度  進風溫度的高低良蒸，也是影響粘壁性的主要因素。研究表明：如果在開啟設(shè)備時就將空氣加熱器全開伍玖，這樣就會造成出口溫度很快上升嫩痰，而實際塔體溫度并沒有均衡升上來．溫度不均勻，此時開始噴霧就很容易產(chǎn)生粘壁現(xiàn)象窍箍。若溫度過高串纺，會對中藥有效成分造成破壞或者改變某種成分的性質(zhì)；溫度過低椰棘，不能充分干燥纺棺，發(fā)生粘壁現(xiàn)象。在適宜的范圍內(nèi)，進風溫度越高助苫，溶劑蒸發(fā)越快晶聂，粘壁現(xiàn)象減輕。如果中藥浸膏含粘性成分較多条馍，應(yīng)適當降低進風溫度和出風溫度顶恍，這樣就能使噴霧干燥順利進行，因為糖類成分受高熱后粘性增加．則產(chǎn)生粘壁現(xiàn)象寓鳄，適當降低溫度則可減輕粘壁情況蔼处。

 2．4供液速度  供液速度與粘壁現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生也有重要。在其他條件沒有改變的情況下跛孕，供液速度加快深冶，會導致霧滴未處在流化狀態(tài)，因干燥不充分而粘于壁上或底部乎叫。如提高*微囊的供液速度，雖對其吸濕性的影響不大六泞，但會使其分散率明顯下降””语但。造成霧滴粒徑過大，干燥不充分而粘壁急黎。影響噴霧干燥的因素很多扎狱，除上述因素外，還存在藥液溫度勃教、負壓大小淤击、負壓的穩(wěn)定性等因素，因此在實際操作中應(yīng)綜合考慮上述影響因素對噴霧干燥工藝的影響故源。 

3 有機溶劑噴霧干燥機關(guān)于中藥提取物防粘壁的思考  輔料可通過改善物料的吸濕性污抬、提高物料的軟化點、增強提取液的流動性绳军、改善提取液的霧化效果印机、對易吸濕造成粘壁的成分進行包裹等，以發(fā)揮其防粘壁作用门驾。因輔料在改善中藥提取物性質(zhì)方面起著重要作用射赛，所以有機溶劑噴霧干燥機噴霧干燥過程中的應(yīng)用顯得尤為重要。對于復方提取物而言奶是，因其理化性質(zhì)較為復雜楣责，通過單一輔料進行改性所發(fā)揮的作用有限．而通過多種輔料聯(lián)合應(yīng)用，則可從多方面共同發(fā)揮防粘壁作用宋泊。對有機溶劑噴霧干燥機玻温，適當提高進風El的溫度，可減少粘壁現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生。噴霧干燥所用壓縮空氣的壓力應(yīng)保持恒定缓捂，壓力的波動會產(chǎn)生嚴重的粘壁現(xiàn)象洲芥。噴嘴進料速度和噴嘴的壓縮空氣量應(yīng)匹配，正常操作中應(yīng)隨時檢查噴嘴霧化效果茄妇，以減少粘壁的發(fā)生昌嘶。但通過調(diào)整參數(shù)來發(fā)揮粘壁作用比輔料的應(yīng)用所發(fā)揮的作用要小，參數(shù)的調(diào)整范圍也很有限晨丸。鑒于中藥成分的復雜性诱榴，在整個噴霧干燥工藝的研究過程中，要充分分析和了解物料的性質(zhì)云卤，通過輔料的應(yīng)用和噴霧干燥設(shè)備參數(shù)的調(diào)整备则，總結(jié)防粘壁規(guī)律，以解決中藥粘壁問題城也，zui終得到科學隐锭、合理、可行的噴霧干燥工藝计贰。

?2 Effect of device parameters on traditional Chinese medicine organic solvent spray dryer wall sticking of spray drying is fluidized drying technology for a better method of liquid material, the process is the use of liquid atomizer to certain concentration of spraying droplets, heat exchange of droplets in the solvent evaporates quickly in the dry the medium for powdery and granular products. Because of the different physical and chemical properties of Chinese medicine, the mass transfer and heat transfer rate also differ greatly, resulting in different degrees of adhesion to the wall. On the premise of fully grasping the physicochemical properties of the extract of traditional Chinese medicine, the conditions of the adhesive wall can be improved by adjusting the parameters of the spray drying equipment.
2.1 the nozzle of the organic solvent spray dryer is installed in the spray drying process, increasing the dispersion of the material, and accelerating the heat transfer and mass transfer process. The installation of the nozzle is very important for the spray equipment. When the droplets from the nozzle, its shape is a compressed air heart with tapered film, droplet should be distributed evenly in the spray cone; the spray cone is symmetrical, if not concentric will deviate from the center line, thereby affecting the atomization effect, cause droplet diameter and liquid line will be serious, caused by wall sticking phenomenon. Therefore, the concentricity must be guaranteed in the process of use.
2.2 the control of the quantity of hot air volume is reflected in the water content of the dry material, which has a direct relationship with the wall of the sticky wall. Because the spray drying process is operated under the micro negative pressure, whether the droplet can reach the drying effect and remove the dry material depends on the amount of hot air. At the same time, the diameter of the droplet can be adjusted by the amount of hot air. As the amount of hot air increases, the droplet diameter decreases, the drying speed increases, and the wall adhesion may be relatively reduced. However, if the gas flow rate is too large, the moisture absorption of the powder will be enhanced, and the sticking phenomenon will occur in the spray process. If the gas flow rate is too small, the fog diameter will be too large and the drying will not be enough.
2.3 the inlet temperature of the air inlet temperature of the organic solvent spray dryer is also the main factor affecting the wall adhesion. Guo Jianbo research shows that if the air heater is fully opened when opening the device, it will cause the outlet temperature to rise rapidly, and the actual tower temperature is not balanced up. The temperature is uneven. At this time, the spray will easily produce sticky walls. If the temperature is too high, it will cause damage to the effective components of Chinese medicine or change the properties of some components; the temperature is too low and can not be fully dried, and the phenomenon of wall sticking occurs. In the suitable range, the higher the air inlet temperature is, the faster the solvent evaporation, the viscosity of the wall is reduced. If the extract of Chinese medicine contains more viscous components, the inlet air temperature and outlet temperature should be reduced appropriay, so that the spray drying can be carried out smoothly, because the carbohydrate components are increased after the high heat viscosity, resulting in sticky wall phenomenon. Decreasing the temperature appropriay can reduce the sticky condition.
2.4 the velocity of feeding liquid supply is also closely related to the phenomenon of wall sticking. When the other conditions are not changed, the speed of the feed is accelerated, which causes the droplets not to be in the flow state and stick to the wall or bottom because of the insufficient drying. as